Edward Johnston (1872-1944) is regarded as one of the fathers of calligraphy and his books and teachings are credited with reviving the art of modern penmanship and lettering. The sans-serif Johnston typeface that appeared throughout the London Underground prior to the 1980s was his most prominent design. Johnston influenced a generation of British calligraphers and typographers, notably Eric Gill, and his students founded the Society of Scribes & Illuminators.